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Spain's composite PMI came in at 55.8 in August, up from 56.5 in the previous month.

Spain's services PMI for August was 57.8, below the expected 58.9 and the previous reading of 58.3.

Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara: The policies of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's government regarding achieving a strong economy and fiscal sustainability remain unchanged.

According to Interfax news agency: The Russian Ministry of Defense stated that Russian troops struck two Ukrainian cargo ships in the Black Sea.

In its latest report, Bernstein stated that current iPhone growth is still supported by genuine end-user demand, the 17 series continues to capture market share, and while rising memory prices are putting pressure on the entire mobile phone industry, Apple may demonstrate greater resilience than other manufacturers due to its higher profitability. Bernstein maintains its "Outperform" rating on Apple with a target price of $370 ("Outperform" means Bernstein expects the stock to outperform the corresponding market index by more than 15 percentage points over the next 12 months; it does not guarantee that the stock price will rise).

UK government bond yields fell 2-3 basis points in early trading after a recent rise.

[Former CIA Director Criticizes US Military for Failing to Fully Utilize Technological Advantage] According to the UAE newspaper *The Nation*, former US Central Command Commander, former CIA Director, and current Army General David Petraeus stated that the Pentagon's failure to develop a strategy to fully utilize its technological advantage has weakened the US military's original technological superiority. In a strongly worded speech to the House of Lords in London, he stated that while the US "remains the most dynamic innovation ecosystem in the world," he questioned whether the US is transforming its military "to take advantage of these innovations" at a sufficiently rapid pace. He pointed out that although the US possesses overwhelmingly advanced weaponry, it has failed to compel Iran to accept its terms. The US has not yet developed the "revolutionary new warfare concept" needed to utilize current technology. The war with Iran has once again led to fighting throughout the region, exposing the limitations of the US's superior military strength, especially when operational objectives are unclear.

The German DAX 30 index opened 9.05 points higher, or 0.04%, at 25852.39 on Thursday, September 3rd; the UK FTSE 100 index opened 4.70 points higher, or 0.04%, at 10761.15 on Thursday, September 3rd; and the Euro Stoxx 50 index opened 1.55 points higher, or 0.02%, at 6363.70 on Thursday, September 3rd. The Italian FTSE MIB index opened 33.40 points higher, or 0.06%, at 51,825.50 on Thursday, September 3; the FCHI index opened 5.73 points lower, or 0.07%, at 8,274.9; and the Spanish IBEX 35 index opened 29.82 points higher, or 0.15%, at 19,808.82.

Switzerland's GDP grew at an annualized rate of 2.8% in the second quarter, below the expected 2% and the previous value of 0.50%.

Switzerland's GDP grew at a quarterly rate of 1.9% in the second quarter, below the expected 1.6% and the previous value of 0.70%.

Russian President Vladimir Putin: The budget deficit is not serious.

Russian President Vladimir Putin: I believe we will solve the problem of the national budget deficit.

Russian President Vladimir Putin: (Regarding interest rates and inflation) It is important not to over-cool the Russian economy.

According to South Korean media reports, JPMorgan Chase has rejected the recent narrative of a "summer stock market correction" amid geopolitical risks and interest rate volatility, adopting a bullish stance instead. JPMorgan recommends viewing stock price declines as buying opportunities, stating, "Selling now is like falling into a trap." In a report released on September 1st, local time, JPMorgan's global market strategy team proposed an aggressive investment strategy, recommending "increasing and maintaining equity exposure until the end of the year." This stance contrasts sharply with its cautious attitude just one day earlier. JPMorgan assesses that the stock market decline triggered by geopolitical risks will be a short-term phenomenon, lasting from days to weeks, rather than a quarter. The analysis also points out that the recent rise in US Treasury yields is a "normalization," reflecting economic recovery rather than a resurgence of inflation; with increasingly clear signs of a weakening dollar, the foundation for a stronger emerging market stock market has been laid. JPMorgan now expects the S&P 500 and global stock markets to reach new records by the end of the year, a key reason being the well-balanced earnings per share (EPS). JPMorgan Chase also reversed its previous cautious stance on the technology and memory chip sectors, which are directly related to the South Korean KOSPI market. JPMorgan stated that key semiconductor technology indicators, namely the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) and the South Korean market, have entered oversold territory, noting that "the cooling of the AI ​​overheating and the momentum-driven sell-off are essentially over." JPMorgan has listed semiconductors as its top pick, believing they will benefit from increased capital expenditures by hyperscale cloud service providers. Among emerging markets, JPMorgan recommends buying markets with a high proportion of the IT value chain, including South Korea, China, and Taiwan.

Japan's Topix index closed up 0.5% at 4,102.04 points.

The NI225 closed down 111.16 points, or 0.17%, at 64,214.48 on Thursday, September 3.

Switzerland's August CPI rose 0.8% year-on-year, below the expected 0.5% and the previous reading of 0.40%.

Switzerland's August CPI rose 0.4% month-on-month, below the expected 0% and the previous reading of -0.10%.

Russian President Vladimir Putin: Russia expects that by the end of this decade, the volume of goods transported via the trans-Arctic route will double, reaching 70 million tons per year.

Russian President Vladimir Putin: Vostok Oil will build a new pipeline to transport crude oil via the Arctic.