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European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA): The conflict zone notification regarding Iraqi airspace is valid until August 31.

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA): Air operators should not fly in Iraqi airspace, within the Baghdad Flight Information Zone (ORBB), at any altitude and flight level.

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA): The conflict zone notification in Iran’s airspace is valid until August 31.

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA): Air operators should not conduct flight activities within Iranian airspace (Tehran Flight Information Zone, OIIX) at any altitude and flight level.

Sina Azodi, director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, said that the US-Iran memorandum of understanding is only equivalent to a ceasefire agreement, not a peace agreement; before a final solution is reached, small-scale conflicts between the United States and Iran are likely to continue. Azodi said: “In fact, it is more like an arrangement for Iran and the United States to cease hostilities on all fronts.” “So as long as a peace agreement has not been reached, skirmishes, miscalculations, and even accidental exchanges of fire, such as this, will It is possible to reignite the conflict between Iran and the United States, and even the entire region. "Azodi pointed out that this memorandum of understanding faced real obstruction forces, including opposition from within Tehran. At the same time, in Washington, DC, there were also some Republicans who criticized U.S. President Trump for this memorandum of understanding.Azodi added: "Although I have criticized President Trump for many reasons, I think this memorandum of understanding is the right decision. It was a smart move that would end the war, stop the killings, and bring stability to the oil market. "

German two-year bund yields rose 6 basis points to 2.646%, their highest level since June 19.